A TEXT BOOK OF ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION - II ADS BS DR NAZIR AHMED

A Textbook of Animal Form & Function - II by Dr. Nazir Ahmed and Dr. Riaz Ul Haq Ramay is an advanced guide designed for ADS and BS Zoology students, focusing on the complex physiological systems and adaptations of animals. This textbook delves deeper into topics such as endocrinology, immune response, and sensory mechanisms, providing a thorough understanding of how animals function and interact with their environments. It builds upon the foundational knowledge from the first volume, offering more specialized insights into animal biology.

Key Points:

1. Endocrine System
   Explains the structure and function of glands and hormones, and their role in regulating bodily functions.

2. Immune System
   Describes the components and mechanisms of the immune response in protecting animals from pathogens.

3. Sensory Systems
   Focuses on the sensory organs and processes that allow animals to perceive their environment.

4. Thermoregulation
   Discusses how animals maintain body temperature and adapt to various environmental conditions.

5. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
   Explains the mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis of body fluids and electrolytes.

6. Respiratory Physiology
   Expands on the functions of the respiratory system and the mechanisms of gas exchange.

7. Cardiovascular System
   Delves into the heart, blood vessels, and blood circulation, and their roles in transport and oxygen delivery.

8. Excretory and Osmoregulation
   Describes the processes involved in waste removal and osmoregulation in various animals.

9. Muscle and Locomotion
   Examines the types of muscles and their role in movement, from simple to complex locomotion.

10. Reproductive Adaptations
    Discusses reproductive strategies, adaptations, and the development of gametes and offspring.

This advanced textbook explores complex physiological systems and adaptations in animals, focusing on topics such as the endocrine, immune, and sensory systems. It is an essential resource for ADS and BS Zoology students. The book offers a deeper understanding of how animals function and survive in diverse environments.